Values Education Pedagogy for Z Learners

Author : Cesar Chester O Relleve

Link to Article

Year : 2019

Generations

Each generation is formed differently:

• Greatest generation : (born 1901-1924)
• Silent generation : (born 1924-1945). Loyal, dedicated, collaborative, focus on interpersonal communication.
• Baby boomers : (born 1945-1960). Work > personal life, more open to change than previous generations, and focus on personal gratification.
• Gen X : (born 1960-1980). Very independent, question authority, responsible for work life balance movement, and have strong technical skills.
• Gen Y / Millennials : (born 1980-1995). First global centric generation, growing with the internet. Resilient in navigating change, and focus on inclusion and diversity.
• Gen Z : (born 1996+). Truly global and digital. Grew up in a diverse mix of backgrounds. Imaginative and lateral thinking, don’t know a world without high tech.

The below image from fourhooks.com is a useful illustration to understand the differences between generations.

Education Principles

According to the enhanced basic education act of 2013, the Philippines education curriculum should be built on the following principles:

1. Learner centricity, inclusion and development orientation.
2. Relevance, responsiveness and research based education.
3. Culture sensitivity.
4. Contextualisation and globalisation.
5. Pedagogy which is constructivist, inquiry based, reflective, collaborative and integrative.
6. Mother tongue based, multilingual education.
7. Spiral progression.
8. Flexibility in school level implementation.

Pedagogy

‘Pedagogy’ is derived from Greek words, which literally refer to one who leads children to school. The study is based on the psychology and philosophy of education. It can be thought of as a set of guides and principles which ensure that the process of teaching is effective, and leads to learning.

Constructivist

Core principle - Learners construct their own understanding of the world using information and past experiences. Learning is an active process of constructing knowledge, rather than passively receiving it.

The role of teachers is to:

• Influence and motivate students
• Create problem scenarios to solve
• Foster acquisition and recollection of past learning
• Create the process of learning, not the product

Collaborative

Core principle - Learning is an activity which is magnified when groups explore learning material together and talk through their understanding and ideas. These groups may range from pairs to large groups.

Methods of collaborative approaches which can be adopted include:

• Online tools
• Jigsaw method (group students so they are dependent on each other)
• Think(on your own)-pair-share(within the pair)
• Integrated process approach (across multiple fields)
• Peer teaching

Integrative

Core principle - Learning is useful when applied in one’s own life. It is therefore important to be able to form connections across different fields studied, and not just learn in isolation.

The 4 objectives of integration are:

• Making sense of the learning process
• Differentiating matters by relevance
• Applying learning practically
• Associating different learned elements

Inquiry Based

Core principle - Ideas should be respectfully challenged, tested, redefined and viewed as improvable, moving children from a position of wondering to a position of enacted understanding and further questioning.

To promote the inquiry based learning, the following models can be adopted:

• Simulation
• Demonstration
• Experiment
• Field Study
• Project Work

Reflective

Core principle - A key part of learning is observing what happens in the classroom, thinking about why it happens and whether it makes sense.

Modes of learning which can be used are:

• Diary presentation
• Writing reports
• Journalling